Style Library Interoperability

While it is simple to use the JSS based styling solution provided by Material-UI to style your application, it is possible to use any styling solution you prefer, from plain CSS to any number of CSS-in-JS libraries.

This guide aims to document the most popular alternatives, but you should find that the principals applied here can be adapted to other libraries.

We have provided examples for the following styling solutions:

Raw CSS
Styled Components
CSS Modules
Emotion
Global CSS
React JSS
CSS to MUI webpack Loader
Glamor

Raw CSS

Nothing fancy, just plain old CSS. Why reinvent the wheel when it has been working for decades?

RawCssButton.css

.button {
  background: linear-gradient(45deg, #fe6b8b 30%, #ff8e53 90%);
  border-radius: 3px;
  border: 0;
  color: white;
  height: 48px;
  padding: 0 30px;
  box-shadow: 0 3px 5px 2px rgba(255, 105, 135, .3);
}

RawCssButton.js

import React from 'react';
import Button from '@material-ui/core/Button';

function RawCssButton() {
  return (
    <div>
      <Button>
        Material-UI
      </Button>
      <Button className="button">
        Raw CSS
      </Button>
    </div>
  );
}

export default RawCssButton;

Note: JSS injects its styles at the bottom of the <head>. If you don't want to mark style attributes with !important, you need to change the CSS injection order, as in the demo.

Styled Components

npm

The styled() method works perfectly on all of our components.

import React from 'react';
import styled from 'styled-components';
import Button from '@material-ui/core/Button';

const StyledButton = styled(Button)`
  background: linear-gradient(45deg, #fe6b8b 30%, #ff8e53 90%);
  border-radius: 3px;
  border: 0;
  color: white;
  height: 48px;
  padding: 0 30px;
  box-shadow: 0 3px 5px 2px rgba(255, 105, 135, .3);
`;

function StyledComponents() {
  return (
    <div>
      <Button>
        Material-UI
      </Button>
      <StyledButton>
        Styled Components
      </StyledButton>
    </div>
  );
}

export default StyledComponents;

Note: JSS injects its styles at the bottom of the <head>. If you don't want to mark style attributes with !important, you need to change the CSS injection order, as in the demo.

Controlling Priority

Both styled-components and JSS inject their styles at the bottom of the <head>. One approach to ensuring styled-components styles are loaded last is to change the CSS injection order, as in the demo.

Another approach is to use the && characters in styled-components to bump up specificity by repeating the class name. Use this to ensure styled-components styles are applied before JSS styles. An example of this solution:

Deeper elements

In some cases, the approaches above will not work. For example, if you attempt to style a Drawer with variant permanent, you will likely need to affect the Drawer's child paper element.

However, this is not the root element of Drawer and therefore styled-components customization as above will not work. You can workaround this by using stable JSS class names, but the most reliable approach is to use the classes property to introduce an override style, and then style it with higher specificity via &.

The following example overrides the label style of Button in addition to the custom styles on the button itself. It also works around this styled-components issue by "consuming" properties that should not be passed on to the underlying component.

import React from 'react';
import styled from 'styled-components';
import Button from '@material-ui/core/Button';

const StyledButton = styled(({ color, ...other }) => (
  <Button classes={{ label: 'label' }} {...other} />
))`
  background: linear-gradient(45deg, #fe6b8b 30%, #ff8e53 90%);
  border: 0;
  color: white;
  height: 48px;
  padding: 0 30px;
  box-shadow: 0 3px 5px 2px rgba(255, 105, 135, 0.3);

  & .label {
    color: ${props => props.color};
  }
`;

function StyledComponentsDeep() {
  return (
    <div>
      <Button>Material-UI</Button>
      <StyledButton color="papayawhip">Styled Components</StyledButton>
    </div>
  );
}

export default StyledComponentsDeep;

Note: JSS injects its styles at the bottom of the <head>. If you don't want to mark style attributes with !important, you need to change the CSS injection order, as in the demo.

ThemeProvider

Material-UI has a rich theme structure that you can leverage for the color manipulations, the transitions, the media queries, and more.

CSS Modules

It's hard to know the market share of this styling solution as it's dependent on the bundling solution people are using.

CssModulesButton.css

.button {
  background: linear-gradient(45deg, #fe6b8b 30%, #ff8e53 90%);
  border-radius: 3px;
  border: 0;
  color: white;
  height: 48px;
  padding: 0 30px;
  box-shadow: 0 3px 5px 2px rgba(255, 105, 135, .3);
}

CssModulesButton.js

import React from 'react';
// webpack, parcel or else will inject the CSS into the page
import styles from './CssModulesButton.css';
import Button from '@material-ui/core/Button';

function CssModulesButton() {
  return (
    <div>
      <Button>
        Material-UI
      </Button>
      <Button className={styles.button}>
        CSS Modules
      </Button>
    </div>
  );
}

export default CssModulesButton;

Note: JSS injects its styles at the bottom of the <head>. If you don't want to mark style attributes with !important, you need to change the CSS injection order, as in the demo.

Emotion

npm

The css Prop

Emotion's css() method works seamlessly with Material-UI.

/** @jsx jsx */
import { jsx, css } from "@emotion/core";
import Button from "@material-ui/core/Button";

// We just assign them the Button's className attribute
function EmotionCSS() {
  return (
    <div>
      <Button>Material-UI</Button>
      <Button
        css={css`
          background: linear-gradient(45deg, #fe6b8b 30%, #ff8e53 90%);
          border-radius: 3px;
          border: 0;
          color: white;
          height: 48px;
          padding: 0 30px;
          box-shadow: 0 3px 5px 2px rgba(255, 105, 135, 0.3);
        `}
      >
        Emotion
      </Button>
    </div>
  );
}

export default EmotionCSS;

Note: JSS injects its styles at the bottom of the <head>. If you don't want to mark style attributes with !important, you need to change the CSS injection order, as in the demo.

E. Styled Components

The styled() method works perfectly on all of our components.

import React from 'react';
import styled from '@emotion/styled';
import Button from '@material-ui/core/Button';

const StyledButton = styled(Button)`
  background: linear-gradient(45deg, #fe6b8b 30%, #ff8e53 90%);
  border-radius: 3px;
  border: 0;
  color: white;
  height: 48px;
  padding: 0 30px;
  box-shadow: 0 3px 5px 2px rgba(255, 105, 135, .3);
`;

function EmotionStyled() {
  return (
    <div>
      <Button>
        Material-UI
      </Button>
      <StyledButton>
        Emotion
      </StyledButton>
    </div>
  );
}

export default EmotionStyled;

Note: JSS injects its styles at the bottom of the <head>. If you don't want to mark style attributes with !important, you need to change the CSS injection order, as in the demo.

E. Deeper elements

In some cases, the approaches above will not work. For example, if you attempt to style a Drawer with variant permanent, you will likely need to affect the Drawer's child paper element.

The following example overrides the label style of Button in addition to the custom styles on the button itself.

import React from 'react';
import styled from '@emotion/styled';
import Button from '@material-ui/core/Button';

const StyledButton = styled(({ color, ...other }) => (
  <Button classes={{ label: 'label' }} {...other} />
))`
  background: linear-gradient(45deg, #fe6b8b 30%, #ff8e53 90%);
  border: 0;
  color: white;
  height: 48px;
  padding: 0 30px;
  box-shadow: 0 3px 5px 2px rgba(255, 105, 135, 0.3);

  & .label {
    color: ${props => props.color};
  }
`;

function EmotionDeep() {
  return (
    <div>
      <Button>Material-UI</Button>
      <StyledButton color="papayawhip">Styled Components</StyledButton>
    </div>
  );
}

export default EmotionDeep;

Note: JSS injects its styles at the bottom of the <head>. If you don't want to mark style attributes with !important, you need to change the CSS injection order, as in the demo.

E. ThemeProvider

Material-UI has a rich theme structure that you can leverage for the color manipulations, the transitions, the media queries, and more.

Global CSS

Explicitly providing the class names to the component is too much effort? Rest assured, we provide an option to make the class names deterministic for quick prototyping: dangerouslyUseGlobalCSS.

GlobalCssButton.css

.MuiButton-root {
  background: linear-gradient(45deg, #fe6b8b 30%, #ff8e53 90%);
  border-radius: 3px;
  border: 0;
  color: white;
  height: 48px;
  padding: 0 30px;
  box-shadow: 0 3px 5px 2px rgba(255, 105, 135, .3);
}

GlobalCssButton.js

import React from 'react';
import Button from '@material-ui/core/Button';

function GlobalCssButton() {
  return (
    <div>
      <Button>
        Global CSS
      </Button>
    </div>
  );
}

export default GlobalCssButton;

Note: JSS injects its styles at the bottom of the <head>. If you don't want to mark style attributes with !important, you need to change the CSS injection order, as in the demo.

React JSS

npm

Material-UI's styling solution shares many building blocks with react-jss. We went ahead and forked the project in order to handle our unique needs, but we're working to merge the changes and fixes from Material-UI back to react-jss.

import React from 'react';
import PropTypes from 'prop-types';
import injectSheet from 'react-jss/lib/injectSheet';
import Button from '@material-ui/core/Button';

const styles = {
  button: {
    background: 'linear-gradient(45deg, #FE6B8B 30%, #FF8E53 90%)',
    borderRadius: 3,
    border: 0,
    color: 'white',
    height: 48,
    padding: '0 30px',
    boxShadow: '0 3px 5px 2px rgba(255, 105, 135, .3)',
  },
};

function ReactJssButton(props) {
  return (
    <div>
      <Button>Material-UI</Button>
      <Button className={props.classes.button}>react-jss</Button>
    </div>
  );
}

ReactJssButton.propTypes = {
  classes: PropTypes.object.isRequired,
};

export default injectSheet(styles)(ReactJssButton);

CSS to MUI webpack Loader

The css-to-mui-loader for webpack allows you to write CSS that gets transpiled into JS for use with the withStyles() higher-order component. It provides a few hooks for accessing the theme from within the CSS.

webpack.config.js

module.exports = {
  module: {
    rules: [
      {
        test: /\.css$/,
        use: [ 'css-to-mui-loader' ]
      }
    ]
  }
}

CssToMuiButton.css

.button {
  background: $(theme.palette.primary.main);
  padding: 2su; /* Material-UI spacing units */
}

.button:hover {
  background: $(theme.palette.primary.light);
}

@media $(theme.breakpoints.down('sm')) {
  .button {
    font-size: $(theme.typography.caption.fontSize);
  }
}

CssToMuiButton.js

import Button from '@material-ui/core/Button';
import { withStyles } from '@material-ui/core/styles';
import styles from './CssToMuiButton.css';

const CssToMuiButton = withStyles(styles)(({ classes }) => (
  <Button className={classes.button}>
    CSS to MUI Button
  </Button>
));

Glamor

npm

A good way to apply styles with Glamor is using the css() function and then classnames to get them as strings:

import React from 'react';
import glamorous from 'glamorous';
import { css } from 'glamor';
import classnames from 'classnames';
import Button from '@material-ui/core/Button';

const buttonStyles = {
  background: 'linear-gradient(45deg, #FE6B8B 30%, #FF8E53 90%)',
  borderRadius: 3,
  border: 0,
  color: 'white',
  height: 48,
  padding: '0 30px',
  boxShadow: '0 3px 5px 2px rgba(255, 105, 135, .3)',
};

// First we get the classNames with Glamor css function
const buttonClasses = css(buttonStyles);

// We need the class names to be strings
const className = buttonClasses.toString();

// Then we just assign them the Button's className attribute
function GlamorButton() {
  return (
    <div>
      <Button>
        Material-UI
      </Button>
      <Button className={className}>
        Glamor
      </Button>
    </div>
  );
}

export default GlamorButton;

Note: Both Glamor and JSS inject their styles at the bottom of the <head>. If you don't want to mark style attributes with !important, you need to change the CSS injection order, as in the demo.